Biofilm formation is the process by which microbial cells adhere to each other on a surface and secrete a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to form a structured community. Biofilms can be found in a variety of environments, including medical devices, industrial systems, and natural ecosystems. Biofilms play a key role in microbial survival and have significant implications in industries such as food processing, water treatment, and healthcare. They are notoriously difficult to remove and can lead to issues such as infections, corrosion, and fouling. Research in biofilm formation aims to understand the mechanisms by which microorganisms adhere to surfaces, communicate with each other, and regulate their growth within the biofilm structure. This knowledge can help in developing strategies to prevent or disrupt biofilm formation and improve the efficiency and safety of various industries.